流式构建系统
安装 gulp 命令行工具
npm install --global gulp-cli
创建项目目录并导航至其中
npx mkdirp my-project
cd my-project
在项目目录中创建 package.json 文件
npm init
这将引导您设置项目名称、版本、描述等。
在 devDependencies 中安装 gulp 包
npm install --save-dev gulp
验证您的 gulp 版本
gulp --version
确保输出与以下屏幕截图一致,否则您可能需要重新执行本指南中的步骤。
使用文本编辑器,在项目根目录下创建一个名为 gulpfile.js 的文件,内容如下:
function defaultTask(cb) {
// 在此处放置默认任务的代码
cb();
}
exports.default = defaultTask
在项目目录中运行 gulp 命令:
gulp
要运行多个任务,可以使用 gulp
默认任务将运行,但不执行任何操作。
gulpfile.js
此文件将帮助您了解 gulp 的功能。
var gulp = require('gulp');
var less = require('gulp-less');
var babel = require('gulp-babel');
var concat = require('gulp-concat');
var uglify = require('gulp-uglify');
var rename = require('gulp-rename');
var cleanCSS = require('gulp-clean-css');
var del = require('del');
var paths = {
styles: {
src: 'src/styles/**/*.less',
dest: 'assets/styles/'
},
scripts: {
src: 'src/scripts/**/*.js',
dest: 'assets/scripts/'
}
};
/* Not all tasks need to use streams, a gulpfile is just another node program
* and you can use all packages available on npm, but it must return either a
* Promise, a Stream or take a callback and call it
*/
function clean() {
// You can use multiple globbing patterns as you would with `gulp.src`,
// for example if you are using del 2.0 or above, return its promise
return del([ 'assets' ]);
}
/*
* Define our tasks using plain functions
*/
function styles() {
return gulp.src(paths.styles.src)
.pipe(less())
.pipe(cleanCSS())
// pass in options to the stream
.pipe(rename({
basename: 'main',
suffix: '.min'
}))
.pipe(gulp.dest(paths.styles.dest));
}
function scripts() {
return gulp.src(paths.scripts.src, { sourcemaps: true })
.pipe(babel())
.pipe(uglify())
.pipe(concat('main.min.js'))
.pipe(gulp.dest(paths.scripts.dest));
}
function watch() {
gulp.watch(paths.scripts.src, scripts);
gulp.watch(paths.styles.src, styles);
}
/*
* Specify if tasks run in series or parallel using `gulp.series` and `gulp.parallel`
*/
var build = gulp.series(clean, gulp.parallel(styles, scripts));
/*
* You can use CommonJS `exports` module notation to declare tasks
*/
exports.clean = clean;
exports.styles = styles;
exports.scripts = scripts;
exports.watch = watch;
exports.build = build;
/*
* Define default task that can be called by just running `gulp` from cli
*/
exports.default = build;
Gulp 提供了一个包装器,它将被加载到你的 ESM 代码中,因此你可以将 gulpfile 命名为 gulpfile.mjs
,或者在 package.json
文件中指定 "type": "module"
。
以下是使用 ESNext 编写的与上述示例相同的代码。
import { src, dest, watch } from 'gulp';
import less from 'gulp-less';
import babel from 'gulp-babel';
import concat from 'gulp-concat';
import uglify from 'gulp-uglify';
import rename from 'gulp-rename';
import cleanCSS from 'gulp-clean-css';
import del from 'del';
const paths = {
styles: {
src: 'src/styles/**/*.less',
dest: 'assets/styles/'
},
scripts: {
src: 'src/scripts/**/*.js',
dest: 'assets/scripts/'
}
};
/*
* For small tasks you can export arrow functions
*/
export const clean = () => del([ 'assets' ]);
/*
* You can also declare named functions and export them as tasks
*/
export function styles() {
return src(paths.styles.src)
.pipe(less())
.pipe(cleanCSS())
// pass in options to the stream
.pipe(rename({
basename: 'main',
suffix: '.min'
}))
.pipe(dest(paths.styles.dest));
}
export function scripts() {
return src(paths.scripts.src, { sourcemaps: true })
.pipe(babel())
.pipe(uglify())
.pipe(concat('main.min.js'))
.pipe(dest(paths.scripts.dest));
}
/*
* You could even use `export as` to rename exported tasks
*/
function watchFiles() {
watch(paths.scripts.src, scripts);
watch(paths.styles.src, styles);
}
export { watchFiles as watch };
const build = gulp.series(clean, gulp.parallel(styles, scripts));
/*
* Export a default task
*/
export default build;
您可以使用 gulp.src
函数的 since
选项和 gulp.lastRun
过滤掉任务运行期间未更改的文件:
const paths = {
...
images: {
src: 'src/images/**/*.{jpg,jpeg,png}',
dest: 'build/img/'
}
}
function images() {
return gulp.src(paths.images.src, {since: gulp.lastRun(images)})
.pipe(imagemin())
.pipe(gulp.dest(paths.images.dest));
}
function watch() {
gulp.watch(paths.images.src, images);
}
任务运行时间保存在内存中,当 gulp 退出时会丢失。只有
在 watch
任务中,在 images
任务第二次运行的时候,才会保存运行时间。